The concept of "Internet of Things" has become quite popular in China, but so far there is no authoritative and unified definition at home and abroad. Is there an Internet of things connected to things in the world? the answer is negative. The Internet of Things is a sensor network! The Internet of Things is a perception network! The answer is not convincing. It has been explained that an item with a unique code (electronic label / barcode) can be found on the Internet after the identification device and the Internet of Things Object Naming Service (ONS) parse it. The article code corresponds to the web page address in the Internet. What exactly is "Internet of Things"? Let us first analyze the relevant standards and application principles of EPCglobal. 1. EPC coding, working principle and relationship with the Internet There are three types of EPC codes: 64-bit, 96-bit and 256-bit, all composed of numbers. For example, the following two electronic tags are coded as EPC-64â…¡type and EPC-96 code: 1000000000000011100000000001110000000000000000000000 000000000111 01 · 0000A89 · 00016F · 000169DC0 The code (ABCDEF) is a number in hexadecimal 10-15. The above code contains information such as version number, domain name manager (manufacturing or service enterprise), object classification (product), serial number, etc. This code is neither an Internet domain name nor an IP address. No one can know the meaning of the code only from the code. It needs to go through 7 steps such as EPCglobal's article analysis server (ONS) analysis to find its corresponding information server on the Internet. : The above example shows that the US EPC system is a three-level domain name resolution system on the Internet, and the network platform used for connection and information exchange is the Internet. The Internet of Things is an extension of Internet applications. The essence of the Internet of Things is that things need to be on the Internet. Due to historical reasons, a variety of standard systems such as ISO, EPCglobal, UID, AIMglobal, and IP-X have coexisted around the world, but they are all developed by developed countries such as Europe and the United States. In essence, it is an extension of the Internet and is a three-level domain name resolution system. The IoT standard setter for the third-level domain name resolution has formulated game rules such as encoding, parsing, and transmission protocols. It has a main server for encoding resolution, a central database, and actually controls the registration of global production and distribution companies, the distribution of article codes, and the flow of information. Having mastered the right to speak in the industry, you can control and master all the commodities and the circulation of commodities around the world, bringing huge wealth. At the same time, all important information such as industry, economy, and commodity circulation are easily and comprehensively obtained by the Internet of Things operator (the owner of the code analysis server). 2. Application and standard status of China's electronic tags (Internet of Things) Authorities believe that the major bottleneck in the development of China's Internet of Things is: the core technology is not competitive; the standard system has not been established; the products are concentrated at the low end; the capabilities of enterprises are weak; information security and so on. What is more worrying is that the development of the Internet of Things industry has "compete to build cars, no one repairs roads", "only low-end, not high-end", "only application, not standards", "serious security threats, not "Resolved at the source", to avoid key issues such as the core standards, coding, and code address resources. The absence of standards will affect the development of the entire Internet of Things industry. In addition, the Internet of Things must not only have hardware devices such as sensors and electronic tags, but the code address resource, or IP address, is the basic strategic resource for the development of the Internet of Things. Without the support of an IP address, no matter whether it is the exchange of information between objects or between people and objects, it cannot be achieved. It is predicted that China's future IP demand will reach more than 30 billion. Where does the huge amount of IP address strategic resources needed for the domestic Internet of Things come from? If China's Internet of Things system is built on a foreign standard system, it will not only bring serious information security risks to China's politics, economy, enterprises and individuals, but also bring intellectual property issues to China's information industry. shackles. In this way, although the Internet of Things application in China has developed, it has only developed the "Internet of Things application car", but the "Internet of Things Expressway" that has been run are all built abroad, and there are foreign toll checkpoints everywhere. To pay a huge cost, all information in the economic, industrial, and circulation fields is completely leaked. Once the foreign article code parsing server stops working in China, China's industrial production, logistics, commodity circulation, and residents' livelihood security system will not function and will face a collapse. How to face it? [next] 3. The core of the "Internet of Things" is coding standards and information security The soul of the Internet of Things is the identification of items. The item code is used to assign an item to the item that can be exchanged and processed online. The core key of the Internet of Things standard is not only hardware technology, but more important is the coding standard, network resource IP address, network architecture, information flow and information security. If China does not have its own Internet of Things standards and coding resources, the IP address of network resources will form a situation where the core technology is subject to human constraints on the Internet of Things: 1. All Chinese companies must apply for registration with foreign institutions, receive management codes, and in fact accept a different foreign management method; 2. The operation and information processing of China's industrial production, commodity circulation, logistics, residents' livelihood security and other systems are under the control of foreign analytical systems; 3. Since the coding adopts the standards of the foreign Internet of Things, the registration, code distribution, main server and database are abroad, and all enterprise registration and item online information will inevitably flow to foreign countries, resulting in the complete leakage of China's economy, logistics, and commodity circulation information grasp; 4. The Internet of Things standards, coding copyrights, main servers and databases are legally located in foreign countries, subject to the constraints and jurisdiction of the foreign legal system. Once disputes arise, China has no jurisdiction. 5. The basis of the Internet of Things is the Internet, and the core technologies, resources and management of the Internet are also controlled by foreign countries; 6. When the information security of the Internet and the security of cyberspace cannot be guaranteed, and the information security (especially wireless identification) of the Internet of Things and electronic tags is not resolved, the ubiquitous Internet of Things and electronic tags form nowhere Not in danger. The standards of the Internet of Things involve multiple fields such as perception, identification, information transmission, applications, and security. The formulation of IoT standards should closely follow core perception, identification, information transmission and information security. Due to the wide and widespread application of the Internet of Things, only focusing on and discussing the standard-setting of the application layer of the Internet of Things is to pick sesame seeds and lose watermelon. 4. Correct analysis of international standards Standards are a game of interests and the foundation of nationhood. The Chinese Internet of Things standard must be suitable for national conditions and be in line with international standards. Therefore, when there is no unified IoT standard in the world, how to deal with the "international" electronic label standard that has been dominated by enterprises or formed by the fact of a certain national standards organization is the primary issue that must be faced. 1. The views of foreign experts on the overall status of international standards The world-renowned standardization expert Mr. Carl Cargill, chief standard officer of the US SunMicrosystems, published a report on "China's Opportunities for the Standardization Development of the Global Information and Communication Industry" in Beijing on January 16, 2008, and analyzed the current international standards: (1) At present, international standards organizations in the world produce standards in accordance with fair procedures: ISO / IECJTC1 (the first joint technical committee of the International Organization for Standardization / International Electrotechnical Commission) IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) ITU (International Telecommunication Union); (2) Standards controlled by core enterprises (large multinational companies) (3) The established de facto standards formed by super enterprises (such as Microsoft Windows and Intel chips) (4) International Internet Standard (Internet) controlled by the United States Today, the technical standards in the high-tech field have begun to be heavily biased towards private interests. The international standards are mainly controlled by multinational companies such as the United States, Europe, and Japan. Today's market environment is inconsistent with China's interests. Too many standards organizations in the seven developed countries are competitors to China. China is the world's largest consumer market. Why should it compete on the supply side? China supplies a lot of products to the world. Why can't it provide standards, standardization organizations, and standards? Why does China import standards and technologies from abroad? China has the ability to change the world. It should create its own rules of the game and export standards. The analysis and evaluation of foreign experts, doubts and pertinent suggestions make us ashamed. We should reflect on our past habit of complying with and importing foreign standards, and technically surrender. We must have a clear understanding of international standards and not introduce them blindly. The Chinese should and must go from introducing standards to creating standards, exporting standards, and actively fighting for the commanding heights and voice of international standards, reflecting national interests. 2. Compliance with international standards Technology itself has no borders, but technology has its own. In today ’s intellectual property era, foreign capital often uses technological standards to monopolize our country, forcing our country to be “cracked†at the bottom of the international division of labor chain and reduced to cheap “foundry businessâ€; Control the entire Chinese industry and stay on the upper reaches of the lucrative industrial chain. In this regard, China has had extremely profound lessons in recent years. The adoption of international standards must measure whether it is equal to China; whether it is restrictive and bears the cost to China; whether it is conducive to the long-term development of the country and the space for international survival and development; whether it can guarantee national information security and cyberspace security; and whether it is conducive to safeguarding national interests and national Sovereignty and virtual territorial sovereignty; We should take a cautious attitude towards foreign IoT standards, and we must thoroughly demonstrate the ownership of all its intellectual property rights and its interest in China. But the real way out is independent innovation, establishing China's own Internet of Things standards, and fundamentally changing the situation of being constrained by people. 3. Independent innovation and open compatibility China's Internet of Things and electronic label standards are currently blank. However, China must have IoT standards with independent intellectual property rights, independent innovation and open compatibility, actively participate in the formulation of international standards, seize the say and commanding heights of international IoT technical standards, and strive to raise China ’s independent standards to international standards or will own China. Technologies with independent intellectual property rights are included in relevant international standards. [next] V. Discussion on the technical route of the Internet of Things Why use a three-level domain name resolution system to build the Internet of Things? Is the IoT architecture based on third-level domain name resolution an advanced system? What are its main disadvantages? Does this architecture conform to future network trends and trends? Practice has proved that in the Internet of Things system based on the third-level domain name resolution, the number-based item code (electronic label / barcode) must be resolved twice by the item name server ONS-DNS domain name to access the Internet. Technically, only a single item code can be parsed online by the item name server (ONS) at a time to solve the unified query and management of heterogeneous remote databases, as well as online one-to-many, many-to-one query, statistics and information processing Is restricted. Obviously, the two resolutions of ONS-DNS increase the network burden and reduce the efficiency of network communication. It does not comply with the principles of environmental protection, low-carbon, and green networks, nor with the trend of future network development. This technical system also provides convenience for monopoly , Adding unsafe links. Considering the reason, the inventor of the Internet of Things system (three-level domain name resolution) has found a way to surf the Internet through article parsing twice from the perspective of Internet applications. However, because it was not a research designer of Internet technology, and because of the limitations of the development of Internet technology at that time, it did not explore the deeper integration mechanism of the two from the bottom of the Internet and the Internet of Things. At present, the Internet of Things, the foundation of the Internet, is in a period of fierce competition between the revolutionary technological route and the gradual development of the technological route to rebuild the new generation of Internet: The EU invests 9.1 billion euros to develop the future Internet and to become a world leader; The US plan supports 50 projects to study the future network, and 16 teams are studying the future network architecture; The International Standards Organization ISO and ITU ITU Future Network projects have been launched and are being actively promoted according to procedures; China not only needs to master the core technologies and standards of the Internet of Things, but also must master the core technologies and standards of the international future Internet. The standards of the Chinese Internet of Things must take into account the advanced nature of the core technology route, and have a long-term vision, based on and synchronizing with new technologies and international standards of the new generation (future) network, and adopting innovative ideas. Is there a more advanced IoT architecture? The answer is yes. It is very gratifying that the Chinese scientific and technological workers have found a way to directly access the Internet in one step and successfully verified it in the 2008 project. [next] 6. The new IoT framework and the hope of the Chinese Internet of Things With the warming of the Internet of Things, domestic enterprises, standardization agencies, and government departments realized that the only way to develop the Internet of Things in China is to master the dominance of the development of the Internet of Things standards and establish independent innovative technical systems and standards from the bottom of the standards. It is gratifying that Chinese enterprises and standardization agencies have begun to march towards the international standards of the Internet of Things and achieved breakthrough results. Proposed and actively promoted by China, the ISO / PAS18186 "Container RFID Freight Labeling System" was released and officially became an open standard that can be provided by the International Organization for Standardization. It is the hope of the Chinese Internet of Things that Chinese companies and standardization organizations have begun to march and board the stage of international IoT standard formulation. At the same time, China's independent innovation companies and research units (such as the electronic label working group data format group and the decimal network standard working group, etc.) are also deeply analyzing the underlying protocol of the Internet of Things, and proposed a new framework and standards for the Internet of Things idea: 1. "The road to one", the Internet of Things is essentially the Internet of things, the Internet of Things technology must be synchronized with the development of Internet technology, and the construction and standard setting of the Internet of Things must focus on the future network and the unification of the Internet and the Internet of Things; 2. The IoT framework of the three-level domain name resolution system is not the future direction. It should adopt an Internet IP address for each item in the world and go directly to the Internet in one step to achieve the same Internet of Things and Internet; 3. Direct routing is the future direction of the network. It can make the whole network communication of the Internet no longer rely on the DNS domain name resolution system, and can change the status of the whole network communication relying on the root domain name resolution server. Any damage to the local network will not affect the communication of the whole network. There are new technical routes and solutions to ensure smooth network and information security; 4. The article code is the same as the Internet IP address, and the barcode, electronic label, domain name, and IP address of the article are the same, eliminating the ONS solution server, direct routing connection to the article information server, and the ONS-DNS resolution. , In line with environmental protection, low carbon, green energy saving. In fact, the article code and Internet IP address same code technology have been successfully tested and verified in the actual engineering projects of equipment management systems in related fields in China. This allocation of Internet IP addresses to items, the one-step Internet architecture is a major fundamental innovation of the Internet of Things standard system. It is a unified technical framework structure of the Internet of Things and the Internet. It will open up a new standard system in the field of the Internet of Things and will have huge markets and applications. China masters the independent intellectual property rights of the above-mentioned article coding and Internet IP address co-code technology and direct routing core technology; grasps IP address resources, article coding data format standard rules and the corresponding code issuing power, parsing protocol, main server and central database Ownership, control and management rights, as well as the information flow of the Internet of Things, etc., actually have the national management sovereignty of the new Internet of Things framework. At the same time, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology organized the China Education and Research Network, Tsinghua University Information Center, Posts and Telecommunications University Information Center, China Telecom Research Institute, Netcom Research Institute, China Internet Center, China Internet Association, China Communications Standards Association, Broadband Wireless IP Work 14 network experts, including the Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Hezhong Lianchuang Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Yihengxin Certification Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai General Chemical Industry Research Institute, and the Decimal Network Standard Working Group, unanimously demonstrated that "Future Network Naming and Addressing "Scheme" and "New Communication Rules and Trusted Routers for Trusted Connection Discussion" comments and the approval of the Department of Science and Technology, our experts proposed at the ISO / IECSC6 Future Network Conference in September 2010 The reports of "Future Network Naming and Addressing Scheme" and "Discussion on New Communication Rules and Trusted Routers for Realizing Trusted Connections" have been approved by the meeting, and the meeting documents have been formed. China has proposed new rules for future network communication and Overall framework plan: Internet communication mechanism changed from trust mechanism to doubt mechanism; The new naming and addressing mechanism proves the authenticity of the address by verifying the header ID identification; From communication before verification to active defense after verification and communication, to achieve a trusted connection; New Internet header structure; New Internet communication protocol; The above future Internet solutions plus a new IoT framework: An Internet of Things framework solution that uses the same code as the item code and the Internet IP address and directly connects to the item information server; China has actually put forward the innovative Chinese concept of a new generation (future) network and Internet of Things standard framework scheme in the world. This is the accumulation of technology after more than ten years, forming a core technology that is not subject to human beings, and has found a solution to Internet information security. The unified solution for the integration of the Internet of Things and the Internet occupies a favorable position in the commanding heights of the future network and the Internet of Things standards, and is advancing to a new height in the world Internet and the Internet of Things. This will be able to fundamentally change the situation in which China ’s core technology of network technology is controlled by people. It is a good thing that benefits the country and the people and benefits mankind. It is also a difficult task. It requires the sincere solidarity, joint efforts and support of the domestic network industry, peers and experts in all aspects, and the joint participation to complete, laid the foundation for the development of China's Internet of Things, let China's innovative ideas and standards go to the world, and become a world standard. The hydraulic baler is mainly suitable for steel mills, crop straws, recycling and processing industries and non-ferrous and ferrous metal smelting industries. The hydraulic baler can extrude various metal scraps (steel shavings, scrap steel, scrap aluminum, scrap copper, scrap stainless steel, and scrapped automobile scrap, etc.) into qualified furnace materials of various shapes such as cuboid, octagon, and cylinder, which can be reduced Transportation and smelting costs can increase the furnace speed. Baler Machine,Baling Press Machine,Box Strapping Machine,Plastic Baling Machine Jining Myway Machinery Co., Ltd. , https://www.mwpackall.com
IoT coding related applications and electronic label standards